Founded claims on anthropological literary works posit you to definitely peoples moms and dads can be help a rapid reproductive speed than the our very own most other ape loved ones given that dads provide financing to help you each other a partner and you may people (age.grams., fat, protection). Although not, phylogenetic analyses advise that paternal care and attention evolves merely once monogamy will get established in a populace (Brotherton and you may Komers, 2003). Given that male investment probably could have lead to men absence (elizabeth.grams., as a consequence of investment provisioning), caring males might have confronted possible fitness can cost you on account of freerider males who are prone to steal paternity (Hawkes et al., 1995b; Gavrilets, 2012).